C1 Relative & Participle Clauses Test 3 (15 Questions) – Advanced Grammar for IELTS, TOEFL, YDS
C1-level grammar test on relative clauses and participle clauses. 15 three-option multiple-choice questions with extremely detailed explanations. Designed for IELTS, TOEFL, and YDS preparation.
Choose the correct answer.
RESULTS
#1. The researcher ______ the groundbreaking study declined to comment on the controversy.
#2. The results, ______ obtained through extensive fieldwork, challenged previous assumptions.
#3. The committee rejected the proposal ______ insufficiently supported by empirical data
#4. The author, ______ latest novel won several awards, is giving a lecture tonight.
#5. The devices ______ in this experiment must be calibrated regularly.
#6. The students ______ the deadline will receive a penalty.
#7. The theory, ______ widely criticized at first, has since gained acceptance.
#8. The manager spoke to the employees ______ in the recent incident.
#9. The data analyst, ______ working on the project for years, identified the error immediately.
#10. The candidate ______ qualifications impressed the panel was offered the position.
#11. The witnesses reported seeing the suspect ______ the premises shortly before midnight.
#12. The regulations, ______ introduced last year, have already been revised.
#13. The scientist denied the accusations ______ by the media.
#14. The professor, ______ aware of the risks, proceeded with the experiment.
#15. The participants ______ in the survey were selected randomly.
EXPLANATIONS (All Answers Explained Below)
Correct answers are provided as single words only. Explanations focus on voice, reduction, clause type, and temporal logic.
1 – who conducted
A defining relative clause referring to a specific completed past action. The reduced form would suggest simultaneity. The past participle alone cannot function actively.
2 – having been
Non-defining clause with passive prior action. The obtaining occurred before the results challenged assumptions. Indicates completed passive process.
3 – as being
This structure is used after verbs like “reject,” “describe,” or “portray” to indicate characterization. The proposal was rejected in its capacity as something. The other forms are structurally incomplete.
4 – whose
Possession is expressed. The novel belongs to the author. Other pronouns cannot indicate possession.
5 – used
Passive reduced relative clause. Equivalent to “that are used.” The devices receive the action.
6 – who miss
General rule requiring finite verb in defining clause. Participial form would weaken the rule-based meaning.
7 – having been
Passive prior criticism occurred before gaining acceptance. Indicates temporal sequence.
8 – involved
Passive reduced clause. Equivalent to “who were involved.” Employees receive involvement.
9 – having been
Indicates duration completed before identifying the error. Marks prior state and continuity.
10 – whose
Expresses possession. Qualifications belong to the candidate.
11 – enter
Perception verb structure: see + object + bare infinitive indicates completed action. The -ing form would emphasize ongoing process.
12 – having been
Passive prior introduction occurred before revision. Signals chronological order.
13 – made
Passive reduced clause. Equivalent to “that were made.” The accusations receive the action.
14 – fully
Here, “aware” is an adjective, and “fully aware” forms an adjectival phrase modifying the subject. “Being aware” would create a participle clause; however, the intended structure is an adjectival modifier. The other options are structurally incomplete.
15 – who participated
Defining relative clause referring to specific individuals. The simple past participle cannot function actively without auxiliary structure.
