C1 Relative & Participle Clauses Test 2 (15 Questions) – Advanced Grammar for IELTS, TOEFL, YDS
Advanced C1 English grammar test on relative clauses and participle clauses. 15 three-option multiple choice questions with extremely detailed explanations. Ideal for IELTS, TOEFL, and YDS preparation.
Focus now. This test demands analysis, not reflex.
RESULTS
#1. The professor, ______ published over fifty articles, is considered a leading authority in the field.
#2. The proposal ______ by the board was met with immediate resistance.
#3. The city, ______ infrastructure was severely damaged, struggled to recover.
#4. Students ______ plagiarism will face disciplinary action.
#5. The manuscript, ______ lost for decades, was finally discovered in a private collection.
#6. The scientist ______ the experiment denied any allegations of misconduct.
#7. The equipment ______ in this laboratory is state-of-the-art.
#8. The athlete, ______ injured during the match, refused to withdraw.
#9. The theory ______ she proposed challenged conventional assumptions.
#10. The documents ______ to the committee last week are still under review.
#11. The manager, ______ decision shocked the employees, later resigned.
#12. Researchers ______ on this project must adhere to strict ethical guidelines.
#13. The policy, ______ aims to reduce emissions, has received widespread support.
#14. The witness claimed to have seen the suspect ______ the building.
#15. The students, ______ exhausted after the exam, decided to go home immediately.
EXPLANATIONS (ALL ANSWERS EXPLAINED BELOW)
We break down each question using C1-level reasoning. Correct answers are indicated only as single lexical items.
1 – having published
There is a non-defining structure and clear time priority. The act of publishing occurred before the professor was “considered.” Therefore, a structure expressing a completed prior action is required. “Publishing” implies simultaneity. “Published” creates a passive meaning.
2 – approved
Passive reduced relative clause. Full form: “which was approved by the board.” The proposal is not performing the action; it is receiving it. “Approving” would create an active meaning. “Having approved” causes logical subject inconsistency.
3 – whose
There is a possession relationship: the infrastructure belongs to the city. “Which” and “that” do not express possession.
4 – who commit
A general rule is being expressed. A finite verb is required for habitual action. “Committing” could function as a reduced form, but in formal rule statements, a defining relative clause is preferred. “Committed” would create tense inconsistency.
5 – having been
The structure is passive and refers to a prolonged prior state. The condition of having been lost was completed before the discovery. “Being” would imply simultaneity. “Been” cannot stand alone in this structure.
6 – who conducted
A specific past action is described. The reduced form “conducting” would imply simultaneity and alter the meaning. The sentence narrates a simple past event.
7 – being used
An ongoing passive process is expressed. “Used” would indicate a general characteristic, whereas here the focus is on an active usage process. “Using” would imply that the equipment is performing the action itself.
8 – having been
The injury occurred during the match and was completed before the decision not to withdraw. It is passive and expresses prior action. “Being” would suggest simultaneity.
9 – that
A defining relative clause. There is no comma. “Who” is used for people as a subject. “Whose” requires possession.
10 – submitted
Passive reduced clause. Full form: “which were submitted…” The documents are not performing the action; they are receiving it.
11 – whose
The decision belongs to the manager. There is a possession relationship.
12 – working
Reduced defining clause. Full form: “Researchers who are working…” It expresses an activity currently in progress.
13 – which
Non-defining clause (there is a comma). “That” is not used in non-defining clauses. “What” would introduce an independent noun clause.
14 – enter
Causative perception structure. “See + object + bare infinitive” expresses a completed action. “Entering” would emphasize the process. “Entered” would break the structure.
15 – having been
The state of exhaustion occurred after the exam and was completed before the decision to go home. It emphasizes a prior state. “Being” would imply simultaneity.
